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Pure Water For All |
News and Updates on
the Pure Water For All Project
Our Challenge:
A child dies every 15 seconds from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.
1.1 billion people in the world do not have access to safe water - one-sixth of the world's population
Deaths from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene represent approximately 15% of all child deaths under the age of five in developing countries
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June 1, 2011-Rotary President Ray Klinginsmith attended a fundraiser at the Carneige Library in Carnegie, Pa., and observed a film about the need for clean and bacteria free water in Haiti and inspected the silver embedded ceramic water filter
that is being sent to the Artibonite Valley in Haiti. District 7300 (with the help of Rotary District in Haiti), is providing 1000 household filters to combat the spread of cholera and other diseases due to the aftermath of the earthquake there. Filters are being shipped immediately and should be in the
hands of the Haitians by the end of July, 2011. These are being supplied by the filter factory of Lisa Ballantine (with Dick Wukich's significant and valued assistance) in Jacmel, Haiti. For those who supported the project, both from District 7300, other Rotary districts around the U.S. and individuals, we appreciate your generosity and concern for the poor of Haiti.
Something new and wonderful
On May 5, 2011, I met with Tom Joseph, inventor and owner of the Epiphany Solar Water Systems at his shop in New Castle, Pa. This unit is a new invention and has great promise.
Tom has designed a distillation unit that runs entirely on sunlight. It is durable (has a 20 year life), easy to maintain as no special skills are needed (a good bicycle mechanic can clean the intake and waste water
outflow), and produces 500 gallons of pharmaceutical grade water per day from the most vile polluted water, water with chemicals, and even salt water.
The unit costs about $25,000, but since it does not need supplies, the water over the next 20 years has no cost. It only needs a place to sit the unit (near the source water) and someone to dispense the water for people to collect it in plastic jugs. The best model would involve a micro business owner, who would man the unit and collect a nominal fee (to prevent people from getting more than their share or wasting it). This fee (about 10 cents per gallon) would be his profit ($50 per day) for manning the device and repaying a micro loan for part of the purchase.
This unit is best for areas with 500 families, schools, clinics, and apartment buildings where water plumbed to the apartments, but which is of bad quality. India is the best site for this type of unit, as their rivers not only have bacteria, but chemicals as well.
This does not deter us for continuing our focus on the silver embedded ceramic water filter. The ceramic filter is for household use in remote areas that could not support the solar distillation unit. We both have our places at the opposite end of the water purification spectrum. It does have its best application in larger areas, clinics and schools.
There are certain places in the United States where these are applicable. Examples would be the Navajo and Hopi Indian lands, and small villages along the Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas border with Mexico, where the village is too small for a municipal water plant or too far to pipe treated water from distant cities. If water is available (river or bore holes), these tools can deliver bacteria free water and significantly lower the rate of waterborne diseases.
Tom Nunnally
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From Gary Becks, February 2, 2011
Dear Friends,
I have just returned from the jungles of Honduras’ Miskito Coast where we distributed the 700 water filters in May of last year.
This trip was the follow-up review of the practicality, durability, usage and effect of the water filters in the target villages.
From the many villages visited and interviews with staff of our village medical clinics and the director of Public Health of the Ministry of Health in Puerto Lempira…
I can report to you that the project is a resounding success.
The degree of usage and caring for the units validate the coordinator’s reports that diarrhea and parasitic infestation are “Way down”. There is 100% usage of the filters by the families that have them. The villagers are going to great extremes to care for the filters – most cleaning them every three days, all at least weekly. The fact that they are tending to them so diligently indicates to me that the people are seeing measurable results. Plus, the requests from other villages for filters for their communities, tells us the project is indeed working as expected.
It is interesting to note that villagers are not taking the units with them when they travel to their “plantations” (farming sites way remote from the village). They bottle water from the filter and take jugs with them vs. risking the units during long hazardous travel in dugout canoes.
I am also impressed that the villagers are expending quite some effort to harvest cleaner water for the filters from swamp tributaries as opposed to collecting water in the contiguous rivers.
The villages of Uhsan, Lacunca, Baikanrutawan and Sih Honduras report no “0” breakage. The coordinators have done great jobs of instruction in care and utilization.
Warunta had problems. The lady we engaged as coordinator there departed the village soon after the project's launch and that portion of the project floundered. Several units were incorrectly assembled and there were six cartridges broken. Some villagers were using the “clean” bucket for gathering water and with few exceptions they were not cleaning the units properly. We had a community meeting and went through the correct procedures to the appreciation of the villagers.
I am getting the necessary replacement cartridges for the six families there that need them. We urgently need thirty additional complete units for families in Warunta that do not have units of their own. (About $30 each and a reserve of replacement cartridges at $10 each.)
In thanking us, Alehendrena, our village coordinator in the village of Uhsan, commented ‘If you do not help us… who will?’
Along with the villagers who all send their thanks “Tinki Pali” I add my sincerest appreciation to you for bringing these forgotten people the gift of clean, safe water.
Yours In Service,
Gary
Gary Becks
Rescue Task Force
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In addition to Dick's report below, see Steve Carpenter's report after the
email from Lisa Ballantine
From Dick Wuckich as of November 15, 2010 regarding the effort in Jacmel, Haiti, and the combating of cholera in the Artibonite Valley:
Dear Friends, This is an attempt to identify the participants and summarize all of the water filter related projects in play.
1 Braddock Carnegie Library POT SHOP. We have agreed to form an Umbrella Organization called POTTERS WATER ACTION GROUP to include all constituent organizations with interest in the water filter project.
2 We have been just notified that we are a recipient of a $ 30,500 Pa. Community development grant to refurbish some basement rooms and to buy equipment for the Pitt engineers. We will also have build some additional machines necessary for filter production.
3. PWAG needs to form a board of directors and incorporate as a non profit. Stan Kabala of Duquesne has secured help from their Law school.
4. Lisa Ballantine of FILTERPURE has an existing factory in Santiago, Dominican Republic. She has funding promised to construct expanded facilities and living quarters for an International Training Center.
5. Lisa with the help of CNN HERO Doc Hendley executive director of NGO WINE TO WATER has constructed a water filter factory in JACMEL, HAITI. As this plant is continuing to ramp up production she has been tirelessly working to get filters shipped in from the DR facility. Lisa has a deal with master potter Radhames to produce filters that she pays for by the piece. Being that this type filter has the silver fired directly into the clay vessel they are more expensive that the ones produced by Maximo in Honduras. hOWEVER, THEY ARE 99.9% EFFECTIVE FOR FIVE YEARS.
6.The recent floods exacerbated the problem of water borne disease. Now the CHOLERA epidemic is growing out of control in the Artibonite Valley. Lisa has a thousand filters made ready to ship from the DR but needs cash to cover cost of production. THIS IS AN EMERGENCY effort and time to go through the regular channels COSTS LIVES DAILY. A thousand filters in distribution would see that at least 7,0000 people would have access to potable drinking water. They say that Cholera kills about 6.7% of those who contract the disease..... 7,0000 x 6.7%= 469. We need $30,000 if my math is correct we could potentially save 469 people at a cost of $63.96 each.
7. Lisa needed a truck for Jacmel and Doc advanced her part of the money. She needs an additional $ 11,000 for the other half. Tom Nunnally is headed up the fund raising for that objective.
8. District Governor Cindy Sakala has endeavored to plan and begin fund raising for a second filter factory in the Artibonite Valley. A Rotary group led by Craig Esterly will travel to Haiti next month. I plan to be in Jacmel for the certification of the new pant at the end of November and will meet the Rotary contingent. Osprival Descomme is working with a Haitian Rotary Club with whom we will partner for the new plant. I will forward a list of questions about this project from Charles F. Adams , international coordinator of the Haitian disaster relief committee. Rotary
District 4060 covers the Dominican Republic.
Letter for Lisa Ballantine:
LISA BALLANTINE
Jacmel, HAITI
August 23, 2010
We are beginning to press filters in Haiti. We have not found a
good clay source as of yet, but we have brought a truck load into
Haiti from the Dominican Republic.
Richard Wukich from Slippery Rock University is here helping the
factory to begin the shaping of filters and to get the clay source started
and evaluate the factory for the next steps.
I was with Wukich in Haiti last week, and we had some great adventures
looking for clay sources in the country. The roads are horrible and we
teamed up with the factory workers and two journalists from Canada
to make the journey. While the journey was only about 145 kilometers, it
took us more than 5 hours to arrive at the crossroad for the clay source
and we then had to turn back due to the time, we didn't want to return in the
dark. On the way back we were caught in a tropical storm, and those riding
in the back of the truck were soaked in the storm. We finally arrived in
Jacmel at about 8 PM wet, cold, hungry and very disappointed.
Richard Wukich is working with the staff to produce the best
filter possible and to evaluate the machinery and factory production. His
knowledge and experience have been so valuable for us here in Haiti.
We are planning a series of updates to announce exciting changes in
FilterPure. We hope you will continue to join us in our journey
to provide "safe water to the underserved."
November 15, 2010, report from Steve Carpenter at Texas A & M University:
The TAMU Water Project (http://tamuwaterproject.wordpress.com/) is a partnership of individuals from different colleges at Texas A&M University in collaboration with the Texas A&M Health Science Center and the Colonias Program. We have established a water filter production facility in College Station, TX and will relocate the operation to our Riverside campus with support from the local Rotary group. While our efforts are primarily focused on communities in the border region of Texas, my colleagues at A&M, Oscar Muñoz and Bryan Boulanger, have traveled to Bolivia and the Dominican Republic as part of our efforts. The three of us have also traveled to Mexico to begin conversations about this work. Also, we are working to establish a filter production facility outside of Laredo, TX. Our group has developed k-12 interdisciplinary curricula based on water issues and have taught this curriculum to different groups of children over the past two years. We have also authored several articles and book chapters about point of use water filters and the public pedagogy engaged by our group. Our most recent publication will appear in a book on creative arts, health, and social issues.
July 29, 2010
Potters Water Action Group
Potters Water Action Group (PWAG) is a consortium of volunteer professional ceramic artists, economic development and health experts, businesspersons, and educators. These volunteers bring all parts of the necessary skills to make the mission achievable. The group is in the process
of incorporating, establishing by laws, and filing an application for a 501c3 tax exempt status. But, since this will take valuable time, the group will continue on a project basis and make some progress until the formalization of entity has been accomplished. The responsible parties listed below will continue this work and fiduciary responsibility will be provided by the Rotary District 7300 Foundation (a 501c3).
The Mission: In order to bring affordable bacteria free water to third world citizens, our mission is elevate the silver impregnated ceramic water filter (the Filter) facility at the Braddock Carnegie Library, Braddock, Pa., USA, to become a central and adequate facility to promote, collaborate with and train others worldwide for production of the filters in country.
A sub-mission is to produce filters in Braddock under contract that can be used after disasters to temporally bring bacteria free water to the affected area.
The Filter: PWAG has developed a remarkable sliver embedded second generation water filter
design that:
--Can be produced virtually anywhere in the world from commonly available materials.
--Requires no expensive fuel to fire the clay.
--Requires no chemicals nor energy for household use.
--Costs less than 1/100 of a cent per liter of water to use.
--Has proven to be over 99% effective in eliminating water borne bacteria (in
testing by MIT, Tulane, Cambridge, Pitt and U. of Colorado). That is
better than the purity of most US municipal drinking water.
--Does not depend on governments or municipal systems.
--Is particularly effective as a micro business model to encourage stability in
Production, growth and increased employment.
--Can be monitored effectively by in-country Rotarians and NGOs.
--Empowers poor families by giving them control of their own water purity.
--Can meet the water needs of the estimated 40% of global families for whom other
water purification methods cannot be practically implemented.
--Is more durable and longer lasting compared to the coated first generation filter.
The Filter (for individual household use) is made of local clay and agricultural waste (grain hulls, cocoa or coffee shells, etc.). It is fired to become, in essence, a porous clay flower pot without a hole in the bottom. Inexpensive silver in a solution form is embedded in the clay before firing. Silver is one of the best bactriostatic agents known to man. It both starves and suffocates bacteria. Granular silver is readily available internationally and can be easily transported to remote regions. It comes in nano granular form that can be easily suspended in a solution for mixing with the clay and combustible material in one operation.
Water drips through the clay and comes in contact with the silver mesh emerging as clean, bacteria free water. The filter sits on a five gallon plastic water storage bucket with a spigot at the bottom for dispensing. The Filter can process up to three liters of pure water an hour for far less than a dollar a month for a family of four.
Filters are supplied with simple cleaning instructions have an active life of about sixty months or more (depending on water quality). After that, they can be crushed and used as filler to make bricks or disposed of as harmless landfill.
Cost of a filter, bucket, and spigot is about $16-$30(US) at the micro business location. Coated or dipped filters can last for two plus years, with minimum maintenance. Granular silver impregnated filters cost at the high end of the range, but can last for up to five years and have an added benefit of being able to be cleaned with chlorine.
Active participants in PWAG include, but are not limited to:
(full credentials for each, and others, are attached as exhibit A)
Richard Wukich: Professor of ceramics at Slippery Rock (Pa) University.
Professor Wukich will be responsible for all technical elements of the Filter and will
collaborate with Lisa Ballantine of Filter Pure Filters in the Dominican Republic
and Booker Carpenter of Texas A & M University (Laredo campus).
Rotary Districts 7300 and 7280 Pure Water For All project initiated by the Forest Hills
Rotary Club (www.purewaterforall.org). (Tom Nunnally, Gerald Croushore and
Joe Schmitt.) These Rotarians will be responsible for promotion of the availability
of the Filter solution to Rotarians worldwide, funding assistance through the Rotary
Foundation of Rotary International, and coordinating the sponsoring Rotary club and
the host Rotary club in the target area of need.
Jeffrey Schwarz: Ceramist. Jeff was an early AmeriCorps volunteer at the Braddock
Carnegie Library Ceramics Studio, conducting classes for youth and adults. Jeff will be
responsible for training and collaborating with the target sites when selected. He will
operate from the Braddock Carnegie Library and may travel to the target area for more
training in the manufacturing process and ceramic-silver formula.
Stan Kabala: Associate Director, Center for Environmental Research and Education,
Duquesne University. Stan will be responsible for administrative matters during
the incorporation process and in the operation of the 501c3
Dr Ian Nettleship of the University of Pittsburgh: Dr. Nettleship will bring the expertise of
Engineers Without Borders (EWB) at University of Pittsburgh, and the students will be
responsible for investigating filter function and how to improve filter design. Also, the
group will work to design filter presses with a lower cost and weight but higher versatility
than current presses.
Christopher Rolinson: Professor of Photography and Photo Journalism, Point Park University.
Among other responsibilities, Professor Rolinson will spearhead public awareness and
keep donors and sponsors updated on the progress of each project. He will assist in the
marketing (and educational ) materials for projects in third world countries.
History of the Filter
Silver has long been known for its effectiveness as a bacteria killing agent.
The silver ceramic water filter had its modern revival in 1980 by Guatemalan chemist Fernanado Mazariegos. Ronald Rivera of Nicaragua, a Peace Corp worker, promoted the water filter world wide and developed the mechanical press and standardized molds for pot production. His visit to Slippery Rock University in 2002 inspired many people to the cause of clean water. He continued to expand his efforts until his death 2008 at age 60 from a lethal form of malaria contracted while on a filter project in Africa in September of 2009. Through Potters for Peace, this filter is manufactured in Nicaragua, Cambodia, and Africa.
PWAG was formed, in part, to bring the resources of Rotary International to the effort. A major worldwide goal of Rotary is to promote and fund clean water projects. With Rotary
Clubs in over 170 countries, there is a potential local club that can assist in the establishment of a production facility, help in distribution, oversee the project with a business approach to enhance sustainability, and enable a grant for matching funding through the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International.
Thus, the history has evolved into the collaboration referred to in this document.
Global situation – starting with the basics
Why is water a problem?
Approx. 76% of earth is water. 2.5% is fresh. 99.7% of fresh water is inaccessible (polar ice, etc.) = 0.3% of earth’s water available for all living creatures to share. The Great Lakes contain almost 20% of all the fresh water on earth!
Over 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water (65% in Asia, 27% in Africa). Many have to devote several hours every day to retrieving water that is not pure by the standards we know.
Water borne pathogens kill more children than any other cause except pneumonia.
They also negatively impact the quality of life and productivity of adults.
These silver impregnated ceramic water filters can be used anywhere in the world – including domestic communities that have available clean water disrupted by natural disaster or other causes. Several communities in the US (primarily in South West Texas) are afflicted by water borne disease at almost the level of third world countries.
There are four non chemical major methods of providing clean water for third world areas (which the Filter can further reduce the re-polluting when used in conjunction.
A. Water wells-These require a drilling truck and skilled workers in drilling in the
places most prone for a successful well. However, the sites for the wells are
limited to places that the truck can travel and to areas where the water table
is not too deep for tapping and pumping water.
B. Catch Basins (including holding reservoirs)- Water is limited to the rainy season and can become polluted as the water stands (in open basins) until use.
C. Bio-sand filters- These are somewhat expensive for household use ($60), require that the sand is changed periodically, and have an efficiency of removing about 80% of the bacteria.
D. Silver impregnated Ceramic water Filter- The most efficient household purification device, relatively inexpensive, fast (at three liters per hour yield) and easy to maintain. Clay, flammable waste, and plastic buckets are readily available in third world countries for local production. Pottery skills are common in all cultures. Only the silver (in granular form) needs to be imported. Used in
conjunction with wells and catch basins, it can clean the remainder of bacteria
introduced during the storage stage.
Exhibit A
Bios and skill resources
Richard Wukich, Professor of Ceramics at Slippery Rock (Pa) University
Professor Wukich first learned of the water filter in 1999 while leading a group of students
to Nicaragua as relief workers to help victims of Hurricane Mitch. He serves on the board
of the Braddock Carnegie Library, Shoulder to Shoulder, Pittsburgh, and is an honorary
member of the Forest Hills Rotary Club. He has travelled to Sudan, Afghanistan, Iraq,
Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Haiti and other foreign venues. He has been
instrumental in the establishment of the Pot Shop at the Braddock Carnegie Library,
organizing the filter distribution in Honduras, and an advocate of the second generation
Filter design (round bottom shape vessel with the silver fired into the ceramic pot.) He
has been featured on CNN and newspaper articles.
The Ceramics Studio at the Braddock Carnegie Library (Americas First Carnegie
Library). This facility is the hub of the Filter movement and has all of the equipment to
demonstrate and train potential micro business potters. To become the manufacturer
of Filters for use in disaster areas in the United States, it needs a full time operator and
may have to rent (readily available) storage space for finished product ready for
shipment.
Rotary Districts 7300 and 7280 Pure Water For All project through the Forest Hills
Rotary Club (www.purewaterforall.org). Individual Rotarians include Tom Nunnally,
Gerald Croushore and Joe Schmitt. Rotary International has over 1.2 million
members in 35,000 clubs in over 170 nations. After the eradication of Polio throughout
the world, Rotary International has turned its attention to water purification and
represents a potential force in the establishment of Filter manufacturing sites and in
funding of these sites through the Rotary Foundation of Rotary International (with
the exception of purchase of real estate and international travel). A Rotary club in the
host country for the Filter factory can oversee the micro enterprise, help distribute and
train the end user, and follow up for proper use of the Filter. The Rotary clubs in an
disaster site in the United States can help distribute the Filters made in Braddock.
Manny Hernandez-recently retired from Northern Illinois University as a professor of
Ceramics. Professor Hernandez has travelled extensively to set up Filter factories in
several nations, especially Honduras. He and Professor Wukich are the two most
knowledgeable and experienced Ceramists in this field.
Lisa Ballantine of FilterPure Filters of the Dominican Republic. Lisa established a
Filter factory in the Dominican Republic and has been instrumental in the improve-
ment of the filter design and especially the formulation of the ingredients and a
manufacturing process that has increased the effectiveness and life span of the Filter.
Her organization was poised and ready to meet the challenges of the Haitian disaster,
shipping thousands of filters into those areas of need.
Shoulder to Shoulder, Pittsburgh. This group has introduced the Filter and done on
site analysis of its effectiveness in San Jose del Negrito in northeast Honduras through
its clinic there. Brigades travel to the clinic twice a year for two week periods. Dr. Mark
Meyer is our contact, along with Dick Wukich, who is on the Board.
Maximo Andreus has a micro enterprise manufacturing facility near Tegucigalpa, Honduras,
and has been manufacturing Filters distributed by Shoulder to Shoulder, Rescue Task Force,
NGOs, and church mission groups. Maximo has visited Slippery Rock University and
helped design and build improved presses. This site was made feasible through funding from
Pure Water For All and the Monroeville (PA) Rotary Club.
Jeffrey Schwarz- Jeff was an early AmeriCorps volunteer at the Braddock Carnegie Library
Ceramics Studio, conducting classes for youth and adults. As a student of Dick Wukich, Jeff
learned the technology of the water Filter and has worked on unit for various Universities to
review and test. He is the fourth most knowledgeable person on the current technology
(behind Dick Wukich, Manny Hernadez and Lisa Ballantine) and can travel and train new
potters in the process and help them construct a Filter factory. He is has another job, but
still remains as the coordinator of Ceramics at the Library due to his passion for this project.
Stan Kabala of Duquesne University-Associate Director, Center for Environmental Research
and Education, Duquesne University. Experience in development studies in Africa,
eastern Europe and the Caribbean, micro-credit, grass-roots economic development,
stakeholder-oriented planning, and intermediate technology. Experience with the
Intermediate Technology Development Group (UK) and the E.F. Schumacher Society
(USA). Stan has a long history of interest in low-cost, low-capital, labor-generating
economic development opportunities for poor and underemployed people in developing
countries. Concerned about achieving the UN Millennium Development Goals.
Dr. Ian Nettleship is the faculty advisor for Engineers Without Borders (EWB) at University of
Pittsburgh, the student chapter of the international non-profit that partners engineering
students and professionals with poorer communities to address basic human needs with
sustainable engineering solutions. EWB- Pitt has named the Filter Pot Project as its
official local project. Members of EWB-Pitt work as researchers under advisor Dr. Ian
Nettleship investigating filter function and how to improve filter design. Also, the group will
work to design filter presses with a lower cost and weight but higher versatility than current
presses. Internationally, EWB-Pitt has recently completed the implementation of a fish farm
in the protein deficient community of Makili, Mali in West Africa.
Dr. Nettleship has been active for the past two years collaborating with the Ceramic Filter
Project (CFP) at the University of Pittsburgh (http://www.engr.pitt.edu/cfp/). CFP has
worked on a ceramic filter project in Campinas, Brazil. Recent technical projects include
investigations into the segregation of sliver nanoparticles in the internal structure of the
ceramic filters.
Booker Carpenter of Texas A & M University (Laredo campus)-Mr. Carpenter is a
former student of Professor Wukich and has established a training and innovation site
at TAMU, Laredo. He can assist in training in the Mexican and Central American area.
Christopher Rolinson, Professor of Photography and Photo Journalism at Point Park
University in Pittsburgh. Chris is a former student of Professor Wukich. As a
photojournalist, he has international experience and specializes in partnering with
non-profit organizations providing documentaries, especially in poor urban areas.
He has an established reputation with wire services and major market
newspapers. He has traveled to Hungary, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovakia and Austria.
He was a US Park Service Artist in Residence in border areas in Texas. He has
contacts there for further expansion reach of the Filter project.
Exhibit B.
Budget per Ceramic Filter Manufacturing Site:
(start up expenses to establish site) All funds in US dollars, all specifications in
feet (will be converted to applicable local measurements).
Physical facility (to be rented) - 40x80 foot under roof to house kiln, equipment, water bath, storage racks, and ideally an office. Can be open wall shed under roof with various side wall construction, including concrete block or wire fencing. While the press can be operated without electricity (using a truck jack), the site should have electricity to the site (a generator could suffice) for full mixing of the clay, combustible and silver and a water supply should be available (for mixing clay and water bath).
Equipment
Kiln- brick arched top oven, about seven feet at footprint for an
oven size of 1.8 square yards Cost $3,000
Press and mold for hemi bottom ceramic filters (with shipping)* Cost $3,000
Mixer Cost $2,000
Hammer mill Cost $1,000
Wooden storage racks (to store 200 filters during cooling) Cost $300
Wooden storage racks (to store 200 filters awaiting shipment) Cost $300
Misc. tools, screens for sifting, tarps for covering fuel
in yard, brushes, etc. Cost $500
Water tank and water bath for mixing water and cleaning of filters Cost $1,200
Fence for storage yard Cost $ 200
Distribution panel for equipment Cost $ 500
Capital Budget $ 12,000
Initial inventory of granular silver (for field testing of purity and
production of next 7000 filters) $850 per kilo minimum quantity Cost $1,750
Initial inventory (clay, sawdust, but not silver) for learning curve
training (sufficient to fire 1000 filters) Cost $1,250
Initial inventory of plastic buckets, spigots, decals (1000 units) Cost $3,000
Budget for items needed to make initial (for learning curve) $2,000
Subtotal $20,000
Fees and travel expenses not subject to Rotary Foundation matching
Supervision of installation of equipment, onsite training or air tickets to
Pittsburgh, housing of micro-business owner $3,000
Total budget for site $23,000
*A second press and mold would double the output.
Exhibit C.
Cost per filter (depending on location)
Ceramic Vessel (sliver embedded) $12.00
Plastic container, spigots, lids $ 6.00
Manufacturing overhead $ 4.00
Micro business profit (20%) $ 4.00
Average cost per Filter kit $26.00*
*does not include shipping or distribution costs to end user
Exhibit D.
Filters in Honduras
For two years, Maximo Andreus has been manufacturing Filters near Tegucigalpa, Honduras. These include the old style flat bottom filter and the new cone shaped
Filter and a candle filter. Rescue Task Force and Shoulder to Shoulder, Pittsburgh,
and others have been distributing the filters to San Jose del Negrito and to the Miskito coast, as well as near the village of San Francisco. Since introduction of the
Filter in Honduras, families that have received the Filter have seen a reduction in the rate of diarrhea from over 70% to practically zero.
Tom Nunnally
tom.nunnally@comcast.net
telephone number 412-241-1822